Celery has good cold resistance, less diseases, high yield and easy cultivation. The development of celery production is an important industry to adjust the industrial structure and improve farmers' income in rural areas. The following is a brief introduction to the cultivation points of open field celery in autumn.
1、 Variety selection
Western Celery is a kind of celery that has developed rapidly in recent ten years. There are many varieties, so special attention should be paid to its selection.
1. High Utah. Bailey, high Utah 52-70, improved high Utah. The plant height is 65-70cm, the leaf color is dark green, the handle is hypertrophy, and the texture is crisp and tender. Late ripening, not easy to pull moss, petiole solid core, not easy to hollow.
2. Ventura class. Four seasons celery in Tianjin, California King of Beijing specialty seedlings, Ventura of Beijing shengguangdi company, Jinpeng celery No. 2, Qinhuang 95-7 celery, etc. The plant is 80 cm - 90 cm high, with yellow and green leaves, strong growth and fast growth rate. It is the main selling variety in the current market.
3. Japanese celery and Dutch celery. Japanese celery of Xi'an Nongfeng seedling, Lvfeng celery of Dalian micodo company, Jinpeng No. 3 and No. 4 celery. The plant is 60-70cm high, the petiole is yellow and green, the texture is crisp and tender, the growth speed is slow, the moss is pumped late, cold resistance and heat resistance. It is a high-grade celery variety.
4. Fast growing celery. French queen celery, Tianjin fast-growing celery. The plant height is 70-80cm, the petiole is yellow and green, and the growth rate is fast. It is more than 20 days in the morning than Ventura. It is a popular variety with high yield, high quality and early maturity. There are also some celery types.
2、 Cultivation points
Sowing in mid June, planting in mid August and harvesting from October to early November.
（1） About 50 grams of seeds per mu of land are required for seedling raising, and 0.1-0.2 mu of seedling bed is required
1. Seed soaking and germination
(1) Sun seed 1-2 days before sowing.
(2) Soak seeds in room temperature water for 24 hours. Scrub seeds for 3-4 times and rinse them with clean water each time. After rubbing and washing, soak seeds in 200 times of "fululing" or "lvheng Tianbao" 15kg water per bag for 12 hours.
(3) Germination. Put the soaked seeds into the spinning bag or hosiery tube, cover with a wet cloth and put them in a cool place (waterway, gutter, well, 15-20 ℃). During germination, wash them with clean water 1-2 times a day and turn them once to see the light through proper ventilation. In 5-7 days, the seeds with normal germination potential will not exceed 10 days, and 70-80% of the seeds can be sown after they are exposed white.
2. The plot with high terrain and convenient drainage shall be selected for seedling bed. Turn the ground deeply and dry it thoroughly. 1.3-1.5m × The standard whole bed of 8 meters requires six beds per mu. Apply 200 kg of screened rotten fertilizer and 1 kg of compound fertilizer to each border. After mixing the dung, take the topsoil and screen it for covering. The border and ridge shall be built, and the border surface shall be solid and leveled.
3. Sow.
(1) Pour enough bottom water. The water surface is more than an inch above the ground. When watering, pour 100 ml of "yacaotong" into each seedbed with water. After the water falls, spray 800 times of "Miao Hui Tian" solution, and then cover it with a layer of soil. Or after the water falls, spray 60 kg of water with 100-150 g of 48% trifluralin herbicide per mu. Spray 50 kg of water with 500-800 g of 25% herbicide ether.
(2) Sowing. Mix the seeds with screened topsoil or fine sand and sprinkle them evenly on the border.
(3) Cover soil. Cover with screened topsoil, not too thick, to cover the seeds, generally about 0.5cm.
(4) Shade. After sowing, shade in time to prevent rain, sun and high temperature. There are two methods: one is to cover the border with wheat straw, corn straw and broken straw curtain. The other is to use shading net. Insert a small shed on the border, cover the shading net on the top and cover the film under it. The surrounding of the shading net should be fixed to prevent it from being blown off by strong wind.
4. Seedbed management
(1) Remove the sunshade in time. The seedlings emerge 7-10 days after sowing, and the sunshade can be removed gradually after the seedlings emerge. Note: remove the sunshade gradually, and take it in 2-3 times; it is best to choose cloudy days, cloudy days or evening; in the shade, take off the sunshade net first, and take the film after 1-2 days. After taking off the cover, pour small water in time to reduce the ground temperature and prevent dead seedlings.
(2) After removing the shade, keep the border moist. If there is no rain, pour a small amount of water in 3-5 days. After the two leaves have one heart, gradually control the water and squat the seedlings to prevent overgrowth. In time, pull out the seedlings, flatten the cotyledons (20 days after emergence), and the two leaves have one heart (40 days). Pull out the weeds, remove the weak seedlings, small seedlings and sick seedlings, and leave only strong seedlings. Leave room for 1000-1500 seedlings per square meter.
(3) Pest control. Seedling diseases mainly include Damping off disease and bacterial wilt. The commonly used drugs are 70% mancozeb, 70% tolbuzine methyl and 65% blue flame. Seedling pests include mole crickets, aphids, crickets, Liriomyza maculatus, Pieris rapae, etc. mole crickets and crickets can be lured and killed with Trichlorfon and methyldiphosphate powder bait. Other pests can be alternately used with 3% standard energy, sword thunder abamectin and other drugs, mainly for prevention, for 5-7 days once.
（2） Colonization. Colonization in mid August.
1. Land preparation. Before planting, the land shall be fully exposed to the sun. After cleaning up the previous crops, the land shall be turned 30 cm deep and exposed to the sun for 10-15 days. Sufficient base fertilizer shall be applied, with 5000 kg of high-quality stable manure per mu and 30 kg of multi-element compound fertilizer or diammonium. Make 1.5m × 6-8m border.
2. Seedling preparation. The seedbed shall be watered thoroughly the day before planting, and pesticides for pest control shall be sprayed once, mainly to prevent aphids and Liriomyza sativae. The next day, bring the clods
Seedling. Try to select strong seedlings and plant strong seedlings and weak seedlings separately for management. Strong seedling standard: the seedling height is 15-20 cm, when 4-5 pieces are true, the handle is 0.2-0.3 cm thick, the root system is dense and white, and there are no diseases and pests.
3. Density. According to the market requirements: (1) special grade celery, 25-30cm square. (2) high quality celery, 20-25cm square. (3) ordinary celery, 15-20cm square. (4) this celery, 10-15cm square.
4. Colonization. Ditching or planting after pouring can be used. The border surface is the same as the planted celery heart leaf, which is the appropriate depth, and cannot be planted too deep. Trenching and planting, watering in time after planting a border. The temperature is high in August. It is best to plant on cloudy days or in the evening, and shade when necessary.
（3） Field management
1. Management in slow seedling stage and slow growth stage. It is in the slow seedling stage within 15 days of colonization. In the early stage of slow seedling, a small amount of water is poured 2-3 days to keep the soil moist and reduce the ground temperature. After the slow seedling growth period, the water shall be properly controlled to promote the root development, and the intercropping and weeding shall be carried out. According to the weather change, do not dry or pour, see dry and see wet. The fertilization shall be applied less and frequently, and a small amount of High Nitrogen Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be flushed.
2. Vigorous growth period. From mid September to October, the climate is cool and the daily average temperature is 15-18 ℃. It is very suitable for celery growth and is a key period for yield formation. Pour water every 5-7 days. You can choose boron, zinc and potassium Chongling, 15kg per mu each time; Potassium calcium pioneer, 15kg per mu. In the later stage, a small amount of potassium nitrate can be applied, 10 kg per mu each time. In order to improve the quality and increase the yield, gibberellin (920) 50 ‡ / L is sprayed about 15 days before harvest, 40-50 l per mu, which can promote the thinning of leaf color, enhance cold resistance, reduce fiber and increase the yield by 15-20%. The water is properly controlled 10 days before harvest, which is conducive to harvest.
3、 Disease control.
（1） Celery diseases mainly include spot blight, brown spot (leaf spot), Sclerotinia, soft rot, virus disease and so on.
1. Spot blight. It mainly occurs in the rainy season in autumn. There are scattered small black spots in the middle of the disease spot necrosis. Prevention oriented, commonly used drugs: 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 64% alum 500 times, 47% garenon 500 times, once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times.
2. Brown spot. Also known as leaf spot and early blight. In the high temperature and rainy season, the disease occurs frequently, and the appropriate temperature is 25-30 ℃. Commonly used drugs: 50% carbendazim 800 times, 77% carbendazim 500 times and 50% thiophanate methyl 500 times.
（2） Physiological diseases
1. Bran core or hollow. In the late growth stage of celery, the old leaves are easy to form bran core and serious hollow. If the concentration of 920 is too high, it is also easy to form hollow, which affects the marketability.
2. Heart rot. The outer leaves are dark green, the heart leaves turn yellow or brown, wither and rot. The main reason is lack of calcium and boron. Soil salinization and excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizer are easy to cause physiological calcium and boron deficiency, resulting in heart rot.
3. Stem crack. Inside the outer leaf petiole, Tissue Browning and cracking occurred, which was caused by boron deficiency.
Celery is rich in nutrition. It can reduce blood pressure, soften blood vessels, promote appetite, reduce neurasthenia, headache and brain swelling. It is a vegetable concerned by nutritionists and medical and health experts in recent years. There will be great prospects for vigorously developing celery production.